A knock-on occurs when the ball is knocked forward off of a player’s body in any way other than a kick. If a knock-on is committed, play is stopped and the game is restarted with a scrum.

A line-out occurs when the ball goes out-of-bounds. The forwards on each team line up to catch the ball as it is thrown back in, usually by the hooker. Two lifters on each team will lift a jumper into the air to catch the ball, which is then passed to the scrumhalf.

After a tackle, players on both sides form a ruck. They bind onto each other and try to drive the opposing team back to win possession of the ball.

A scrum is one way to restart play after a minor infringement. Both teams’ forwards bind up in three rows, and then bind on to each other so that the front rows are interlocked. The scrumhalf throws the ball into the gap between the two front rows, and the hookers on both teams try to hook the ball back with their feet while the other forwards try to drive the opposing team away from the ball.